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2021 Apr 400-101 exam answers
Q31. Which three routing protocols utilize TLVs? (Choose three.)
A. BGP
B. IS-IS
C. ODR
D. OSPF
E. EIGRP
F. RIP
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
IS-IS, originally designed for Open System Interconnection (OSI) routing, uses TLV parameters to carry information in Link State Packets (LSPs). The TLVs make IS-IS extendable. IS-IS can therefore carry different kinds of information in the LSPs. Several routing protocols use TLVs to carry a variety of attributes. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Label Discovery Protocol (LDP), and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) are examples of protocols that use TLVs. BGP uses TLVs to carry attributes such as Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI), Multiple Exit Discriminator (MED), and local pReference: The IP header of the EIGRP packet specifies IP protocol number 88 within it, and the maximum length of the packet will be the IP MTU of the interface on which it is transmitted, most of the time 1500 octets. Following the IP header is the various Type/Length/Value (TLV) triplets. These TLVs will not only carry the route entries but also provide fields for the management of the DUAL process, multicast sequencing, and IOS software versions from the router.
References: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/integrated-intermediate-system-to-intermediate-system-is-is/5739-tlvs-5739.html http://ericleahy.com/index.php/eigrp-packets-neighborships/
Q32. Which three EIGRP packet types are valid? (Choose three.)
A. open
B. notification
C. keep-alive
D. hello
E. query
F. reply
Answer: D,E,F
Explanation:
EIGRP uses the following packet types: hello and acknowledgment, update, and query and reply.
Hello packets are multicast for neighbor discovery/recovery and do not require acknowledgment. An acknowledgment packet is a hello packet that has no data. Acknowledgment packets contain a nonzero acknowledgment number and always are sent by using a unicast address.
Update packets are used to convey reachability of destinations. When a new neighbor is discovered, unicast update packets are sent so that the neighbor can build up its topology table. In other cases, such as a link-cost change, updates are multicast. Updates always are transmitted reliably.
Query and reply packets are sent when a destination has no feasible successors. Query packets are always multicast. Reply packets are sent in response to query packets to instruct the originator not to recompute the route because feasible successors exist. Reply packets are unicast to the originator of the query. Both query and reply packets are transmitted reliably.
Reference: http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Enhanced_Interior_Gateway_Routing_Protocol
Q33. Which three message types are used for prefix delegation in DHCPv6? (Choose three.)
A. DHCP Discover
B. Renew
C. Solicit
D. DHCP Offer
E. Advertise
F. DHCP Ack
Answer: B,C,E
Explanation:
DHCPv6 Message Types
For a client to get an IPv6 address successfully from a DHCPv6 server, the Client-Server Conversation happens using the following messages.
Client--->Server Messages
Server--->Client Messages
Solicit, Request, Confirm, Renew, Rebind, Release, Decline, Information-Request Advertise, Reply, Reconfigure
Lets look at each message types in detail:
SOLICIT
This is the first step in DHCPv6, where a DHCPv6 client sends a Solicit message to locate DHCPv6 servers.
ADVERTISE
Upon receiving a Solicit Message from the client, the DHCPv6 server sends an Advertise message to indicate that it is available for DHCP service, in response to a Solicit message received from a client.
REQUEST
This message is sent by the DHCPv6 client.Client sends a Request message to request configuration parameters which includes IP addresses or delegated prefixes, from a specific server.
CONFIRM
Confirm message is sent by the client to any available server in the network to confirm that the client is still on the same link or it has to be removed. This message also confirms the IPv6 addresses that are assigned to the link are still valid. This could happen in case when a client detects a change in link-layer connectivity or if the device is powered on and it is found that one or more leases are still valid. Note that only the prefix portion of the addresses are validated and not the actual leases.
RENEW
A client sends a Renew message to the server when it wants to extend the lifetimes on the addresses and other configuration parameters assigned to the client and also to update other configuration parameters.
REBIND
In case of No response from the DHCPv6 Server for the Renew message, the client sends a Rebind message to any available server to extend the lifetimes on the address and to update other configuration parameters.
REPLY
A Reply message is sent by the DHCPv6 Server in response to a Solicit, Request, Renew, Rebind message received from a client. The reply message is sent by the server in response to a confirm message (either confirming or denying) that the addresses assigned to the client are appropriate.In short the server acknowledge receipt of a Release or Decline message by sending a REPLY message.
RELEASE
Release message as the name implies, is sent by the client to the server that has assigned the addresses, to indicate that the client will no longer use the assigned addresses (one or more).
DECLINE
Client sends a Decline message to the DHCPv6 server to tell that the one or more addresses assigned by the server is already in use
RECONFIGURE
The Reconfigure Message is sent by the DHCPv6 server to the client when the server has new or updated information of configuration parameters. It tells the client to initiate a information-request/reply message to the server so as to receive the updated information.
INFORMATION-REQUEST
Information-Request message is sent by the client to the server to update the configuration parameters
Reference: https://supportforums.cisco.com/blog/153426/implementing-dhcpv6-introduction
Q34. DRAG DROP
What is the correct order of the VSS initialization process? Drag the actions on the left to the correct initialization step on the right.
Answer:
Q35. In the DiffServ model, which class represents the lowest priority with the highest drop probability?
A. AF11
B. AF13
C. AF41
D. AF43
Answer: B
Explanation:
Assured Forwarding (AF) Behavior Group
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Low Drop
AF11 (DSCP 10)
AF21 (DSCP 18)
AF31 (DSCP 26)
AF41 (DSCP 34)
Med Drop
AF12 (DSCP 12)
AF22 (DSCP 20)
AF32 (DSCP 28)
AF42 (DSCP 36)
High Drop
AF13 (DSCP 14)
AF23 (DSCP 22)
AF33 (DSCP 30)
AF43 (DSCP 38)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiated_services
Q36. What are the three HDLC operating modes? (Choose three.)
A. normal response
B. asynchronous balanced
C. synchronous response
D. asynchronous response
E. normal balanced
F. synchronous balanced
Answer: A,B,D
Q37. Which statement is true when using a VLAN ID from the extended VLAN range (1006–4094)?
A. VLANs in the extended VLAN range can be used with VTPv2 in either client or server mode.
B. VLANs in the extended VLAN range can only be used as private VLANs.
C. STP is disabled by default on extended-range VLANs.
D. VLANs in the extended VLAN range cannot be pruned.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Enabling VTP pruning on a VTP server enables pruning for the entire management domain. Making VLANs pruning-eligible or pruning-ineligible affects pruning eligibility for those VLANs on that device only (not on all switches in the VTP domain). VTP pruning takes effect several seconds after you enable it. VTP pruning does not prune traffic from VLANs that are pruning-ineligible. VLAN 1 and VLANs 1002 to 1005 are always pruning-ineligible; traffic from these VLANs cannot be pruned. Extended-range VLANs (VLAN IDs higher than 1005) are also pruning-ineligible.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3550/software/release/12-1_13_ea1/configuration/guide/3550scg/swvtp.html#wpxref48156
Q38. Refer to the exhibit.
Which statement about the output is true?
A. The flow is an HTTPS connection to the router, which is initiated by 144.254.10.206.
B. The flow is an HTTP connection to the router, which is initiated by 144.254.10.206.
C. The flow is an HTTPS connection that is initiated by the router and that goes to 144.254.10.206.
D. The flow is an HTTP connection that is initiated by the router and that goes to 144.254.10.206.
Answer: A
Explanation:
We can see that the connection is initiated by the Source IP address shown as 144.254.10.206. We also see that the destination protocol (DstP) shows 01BB, which is in hex and translates to 443 in decimal. SSL/HTTPS uses port 443.
Q39. Which two statements about SoO checking in EIGRP OTP deployments are true? (Choose two).
A. During the import process, the SoO value in BGP is checked against the SoO value of the site map.
B. During the reception of an EIGRP update, the SoO value in the EIGRP update is checked against the SoO value of the site map on the ingress interface.
C. At the ingress of the PE/CE link, the SoO in the EIGRP update is checked against the SoO within the PE/CE routing protocol.
D. At the egress of the PE/CE link, the SoO is checked against the SoO within the PE/CE routing protocol.
E. The SoO is checked at the ingress of the backdoor link.
F. The SoO is checked at the egress of the backdoor link.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
. SoO checking:
– During the import process the SoO value in BGP update is checked against the SoO value of the site-map attached to VRF interface. The update is propagated to CE only if there is no match (this check is done regardless of protocol used on PE/CE link).
– At reception of EIGRP update, the SoO value in the EIGRP update is checked against the SoO value of site-map attached to the incoming interface. This update is accepted only if there is no match (this check can optionally be done on backdoor router).
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/ios-nx-os-software/ip-routing/whitepaper_C11-730404.html
Q40. Which two options are requirements to implement 6VPE? (Choose two.)
A. MPLS between PEs
B. 6-in-4 tunnels between PEs
C. MP-BGP VPNv6 exchange
D. MP-BGP IPv6+label exchange
E. Any Transport over MPLS
F. IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack in core
Answer: A,C