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2021 Jul certified ethical hacker exam 312-50 pdf:
Q61. Which Steganography technique uses Whitespace to hide secret messages?
A. snow
B. beetle
C. magnet
D. cat
Answer: A
Q62. Which one of the following is defined as the process of distributing incorrect Internet Protocol (IP) addresses/names with the intent of diverting traffic?
A. Network aliasing
B. Domain Name Server (DNS) poisoning
C. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
D. Port scanning
Answer: B
This reference is close to the one listed DNS poisoning is the correct answer.
This is how DNS DOS attack can occur. If the actual DNS records are unattainable to the attacker for him to alter in this fashion, which they should be, the attacker can insert this data into the cache of there server instead of replacing the actual records, which is referred to as cache poisoning.
Q63. A network admin contacts you. He is concerned that ARP spoofing or poisoning might occur on his network. What are some things he can do to prevent it?
Select the best answers.
A. Use port security on his switches.
B. Use a tool like ARPwatch to monitor for strange ARP activity.
C. Use a firewall between all LAN segments.
D. If you have a small network, use static ARP entries.
E. Use only static IP addresses on all PC's.
Answer: ABD
Explanations:
By using port security on his switches, the switches will only allow the first MAC address that is connected to the switch to use that port, thus preventing ARP spoofing. ARPWatch is a tool that monitors for strange ARP activity. This may help identify ARP spoofing when it happens. Using firewalls between all LAN segments is possible and may help, but is usually pretty unrealistic. On a very small network, static ARP entries are a possibility. However, on a large network, this is not an realistic option. ARP spoofing doesn't have anything to do with static or dynamic IP addresses. Thus, this option won't help you.
Q64. Exhibit:
The following is an entry captured by a network IDS. You are assigned the task of analyzing this entry. You notice the value 0x90, which is the most common NOOP instruction for the Intel processor. You figure that the attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack. You also notice "/bin/sh" in the ASCII part of the output. As an analyst what would you conclude about the attack?
A. The buffer overflow attack has been neutralized by the IDS
B. The attacker is creating a directory on the compromised machine
C. The attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack and has succeeded
D. The attacker is attempting an exploit that launches a command-line shell
Answer: D
Explanation: This log entry shows a hacker using a buffer overflow to fill the data buffer and trying to insert the execution of /bin/sh into the executable code part of the thread. It is probably an existing exploit that is used, or a directed attack with a custom built buffer overflow with the “payload” that launches the command shell.
Q65. Attacker forges a TCP/IP packet, which causes the victim to try opening a connection with itself. This causes the system to go into an infinite loop trying to resolve this unexpected connection. Eventually, the connection times out, but during this resolution, the machine appears to hang or become very slow. The attacker sends such packets on a regular basis to slow down the system.
Unpatched Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 machines are vulnerable to these attacks. What type of Denial of Service attack is represented here?
A. SMURF Attacks
B. Targa attacks
C. LAND attacks
D. SYN Flood attacks
Answer: C
Explanation: The attack involves sending a spoofed TCP SYN packet (connection initiation) with the target host's IP address and an open port as both source and destination.The reason a LAND attack works is because it causes the machine to reply to itself continuously.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAND
Far out ceh official certified ethical hacker review guide exam 312-50 pdf:
Q66. Steven is the senior network administrator for Onkton Incorporated, an oil well drilling company in Oklahoma City. Steven and his team of IT technicians are in charge of keeping inventory for the entire company; including computers, software, and oil well equipment. To keep track of everything, Steven has decided to use RFID tags on their entire inventory so they can be scanned with either a wireless scanner or a handheld scanner. These RFID tags hold as much information as possible about the equipment they are attached to. When Steven purchased these tags, he made sure they were as state of the art as possible. One feature he really liked was the ability to disable RFID tags if necessary. This comes in very handy when the company actually sells oil drilling equipment to other companies. All Steven has to do is disable the RFID tag on the sold equipment and it cannot give up any information that was previously stored on it.
What technology allows Steven to disable the RFID tags once they are no longer needed?
A. Newer RFID tags can be disabled by using Terminator Switches built into the chips
B. RFID Kill Switches built into the chips enable Steven to disable them
C. The company's RFID tags can be disabled by Steven using Replaceable ROM technology
D. The technology used to disable an RFIP chip after it is no longer needed, or possibly stolen, is called RSA Blocking
Answer: D
Explanation: http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2060
Q67. Curt has successfully compromised a web server sitting behind a firewall using a vulnerability in the web server program. He would now like to install a backdoor program but knows that all ports are not open inbound on the firewall. Which port in the list below will most likely be open and allowed to reach the server that Curt has just compromised? (Select the Best Answer)
A. 53
B. 25
C. 110
D. 69
Answer: A
Q68. You have just installed a new Linux file server at your office. This server is going to be used by several individuals in the organization, and unauthorized personnel must not be able to modify any data.
What kind of program can you use to track changes to files on the server?
A. Network Based IDS (NIDS)
B. Personal Firewall
C. System Integrity Verifier (SIV)
D. Linux IP Chains
Answer: C
Explanation: System Integrity Verifiers like Tripwire aids system administrators and users in monitoring a designated set of files for any changes. Used with system files on a regular (e.g., daily) basis, Tripwire can notify system administrators of corrupted or tampered files, so damage control measures can be taken in a timely manner.
Q69. This type of Port Scanning technique splits TCP header into several packets so that the packet filters are not able to detect what the packets intends to do.
A. UDP Scanning
B. IP Fragment Scanning
C. Inverse TCP flag scanning
D. ACK flag scanning
Answer: B
Q70. You want to use netcat to generate huge amount of useless network data continuously for various performance testing between 2 hosts.
Which of the following commands accomplish this?
A. Machine A #yes AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA | nc –v –v –l –p 2222 > /dev/null Machine B #yes BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB | nc machinea 2222 > /dev/null
B. Machine A cat somefile | nc –v –v –l –p 2222 Machine B cat somefile | nc othermachine 2222 C. Machine A nc –l –p 1234 | uncompress –c | tar xvfp Machine B tar cfp - /some/dir | compress –c | nc –w 3 machinea 1234
D. Machine A while true : do nc –v –l –s –p 6000 machineb 2 Machine B while true ; do nc –v –l –s –p 6000 machinea 2 done
Answer: A
Explanation: Machine A is setting up a listener on port 2222 using the nc command and then having the letter A sent an infinite amount of times, when yes is used to send data yes NEVER stops until it recieves a break signal from the terminal (Control+C), on the client end (machine B), nc is being used as a client to connect to machine A, sending the letter B and infinite amount of times, while both clients have established a TCP connection each client is infinitely sending data to each other, this process will run FOREVER until it has been stopped by an administrator or the attacker.